Norman & Reiling, ‘The “inherent vulnerability” of women on the move: A gendered analysis of Morocco’s migration reform’, 2024

Kelsey P Norman, Carrie Reiling, The ‘inherent vulnerability’ of women on the move: A gendered analysis of Morocco’s migration reform, Journal of Refugee Studies, 2024

Abstract

Beginning in the 1990s, Morocco increasingly became a de facto host country for sub-Saharan migrants and asylum seekers originally intending to reach Europe. While the government’s treatment toward these groups was characterized by informality and violence throughout the early 2000s, Morocco embarked on a reform process in 2013 that included a regularization process for irregular migrants. During the regularization process, the Moroccan government automatically granted all women applicants residency status due to their presumed ‘vulnerability’. This paper asks: What are the implications of assuming that women are ‘inherently vulnerable’? Drawing on in-person interviews and an analysis of policy documents, this article adds to the gendered migration and refugee literature by demonstrating that supposedly humanitarian policies toward women can also victimize them, stereotype male migrants and refugees as threatening, and strengthen the patriarchal role of the state and its ability to carry out violence in the name of protection.